A puncture in the tread is a small hole through a thick structure, which is why so many of them leak slowly enough to be an inconvenience rather than an event. A valve is the opposite. It is an open pipe into the tyre with a spring loaded core as the only thing keeping the air where it belongs, and when the stem shears at its base the tyre does not develop a leak. It empties. There is nothing else on a wheel capable of letting air out that fast.
Stems break for two reasons worth knowing about. The first is age, because a rubber stem that has hardened will crack where it passes through the rim and can part company under the sideways load of a firm kerb strike. The second is whatever has been screwed onto the top of it, since a heavy metal cap on a flexible rubber stem is a weight on the end of a lever, and at speed it works the stem back and forth until it fatigues. A tyre that goes down in seconds without having hit anything is a valve until proven otherwise, and it is the first thing we look at when we get to the car.
Potholes cause more blowouts than speed does. A square hit pinches the sidewall between the road and the rim, and that is the end of the casing. From Maida Vale to Little Venice, any hour. A Warwick Avenue cul-de-sac or a Sutherland Avenue main road, tell us which. A tight terrace in Maida Hill or a narrow bay on Sutherland Avenue is usually workable. The W9 postcode and a street in Little Venice: that is enough.

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Getting into a tight residents' bay on the avenues around Elgin Avenue means turning hard against a kerb at low speed, and on most cars it is the face of the wheel nearest that kerb which carries the valve. It is the injury nobody expects, because everybody inspects the alloy for scuffs afterwards and nobody looks at the small rubber stem sitting beside it. If a tyre goes down within an hour of a firm kerb contact and there is nothing to find in the tread, the valve is where to look, and it is not something to drive on while you decide.
A car pulled in off the A5 with a tyre that had emptied almost instantly. Nothing had gone through the tread anywhere. The stem had cracked where it sits in the rim and finally given way under a kerb.
A set of decorative metal caps had been fitted to a car running standard rubber valves. Two of the four stems showed cracking at the base from the extra weight swinging on them at speed, and both were renewed.
A driver who scraped a wheel manoeuvring into a bay on Sutherland Avenue lost the tyre not to the damage on the alloy but to the valve, which had taken the impact side on and let go a few minutes later.
Effectively at once. The valve is a full bore opening into the tyre, so with the stem gone there is nothing restricting the air at all. That is why a valve failure feels like a blowout from the driver's seat and then looks like nothing whatsoever once the car has stopped.
Hold the wheel firmly and keep the car pointing where it is already going, come off the accelerator without braking hard, and let the speed fall away before steering anywhere. Then get off the carriageway and clear of traffic. Working out the cause comes after the car is stationary and safe.
On a rubber stem they can be. The stem is flexible, and a heavy cap adds mass at the far end of it, which turns every rotation into a small bending cycle. Plastic caps weigh almost nothing and seal just as well. It is a small detail that occasionally matters a great deal.
Yes. The tyre has to come off the rim to reach it, which is the part needing equipment rather than a roadside kit, and all of that travels with us. If the tyre was not driven on while flat, it normally goes straight back on with a new valve in place of the old one.
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