Pressure tells you nothing about structure. A sidewall with parted cords holds air right up until it does not. A cut that has reached the woven layer underneath holds air too, while the exposed cords quietly take on water and corrode. Fine cracking across the wall of an older tyre holds air indefinitely and still has less grip in the wet than it had when new.
What we look at instead is depth, position and age. Damage that stops in the rubber is cosmetic. Damage that reaches cord is terminal. And the four digit date code tells you whether a tyre with plenty of tread has simply grown old sitting on a drive at Aspenden.
Sometimes it is the wheel rather than the tyre. So when we come out in Buntingford the wheel comes off, the tyre comes off the rim, and both get inspected before anything else is said. We are out on the A507 at 2am and in Aspenden at 2pm. The Cottered phone and the Layston phone ring the same fitter, any hour.

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Rural tyres take a particular kind of punishment: flint and stone off field entrances, blackthorn after the hedges are flailed, and broken road edges on the lanes towards Cottered and Throcking. Most of it is superficial and some of it is not, and the difference is not something pressure will ever tell you. It is worth a proper look rather than a glance.
Flail cutting along the lanes towards Westmill leaves blackthorn on the road for weeks, and one car turned up with three separate thorns in a single tyre. Two were in the tread band and repairable. The third was in the shoulder, which settled the matter for that tyre.
A hard drop into a broken edge produced nothing visible on the day and a soft bulge on the outer wall a fortnight later. The cords had parted at the moment of impact. Air pressure had never once told the owner that anything was wrong.
A car doing four thousand miles a year around Cottered had tyres with most of their tread and sidewalls like dried mud. The codes put them at twelve years old. It was replacement on age, and the owner had genuinely never thought to look at the date.
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Because pressure only tells you the tyre is sealed, not that it is sound. Bulges, deep cuts and aged rubber all hold air until they fail suddenly. On the A10 that failure happens at speed, which is why we look at structure rather than at whether it goes down overnight.
A woven or stringy texture at the bottom of a cut, quite different from the smooth rubber around it, sometimes with a slightly metallic look on a steel belted tread. If you can see it, that tyre is finished regardless of how much tread sits above it.
Every genuine bulge, yes. A swelling means the casing has separated and there is no repair for that. What is not a bulge is the moulding line or a slight ripple where the sidewall label sits, and we would rather look than have somebody scrap a sound tyre over a manufacturing feature.
It depends where they landed. Punctures in the central tread band can each take their own patch provided the repairs do not overlap. Anything in the shoulder or the sidewall cannot be repaired at all, and one bad position is enough to condemn the tyre.
Yes, and around here that answer comes up often, because a lot of what looks alarming on a country tyre is surface scuffing off a verge or a gateway. If the casing is intact, the tyre goes back on and the conversation ends there.
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