A nail rarely goes in straight. A screw picked up at the lights lies flat before the tyre rolls over it, so the shank travels through the rubber at an angle rather than pointing at the centre of the wheel. That matters at repair time, because a combined plug and patch is one piece: a rubber stem filling the hole and a reinforced disc bonded to the inner liner. Pull the stem through square while the hole runs at thirty degrees and the stem is bent inside the channel, with the disc under tension from the day it goes on.
So the channel is read from the inside first. With the tyre off the rim the injury is probed to find which way it runs, reamed along that line rather than across it, and the unit drawn through on the same angle. The disc is then set with its reinforcing cords lying across the injury instead of along it, which stops the sides of the hole working apart as the tread flattens against the road.
Screws and nails collect where traffic slows and stops, which in W4 usually means Great Chertsey Road and the parking around Strand on the Green. Pick one up and the only real question is whether it can be repaired. Old tyres leave Strand on the Green, Grove Park and W4 with us, every time. You watch it happen in Grove Park, or at the kerb in Turnham Green. A W4 address in Bedford Park and one in Gunnersbury are the same round.

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Screws and staples are what we pull out of tyres around here, and they are also the objects that arrive at the worst angles, because passing traffic flattens them long before your car finds them. Whether the wheel sits on a driveway in Grove Park or in a permit bay near Turnham Green, the tyre comes off it and the injury is read from inside.
The head sat in the middle of the tread and the owner expected a five minute job. Inside, the channel ran a long way sideways under the belt before it stopped. Both ends were still in the repairable band, so it was reamed along its own line.
A tyre patched elsewhere was losing air again after a year. The disc had peeled at one edge and the stem inside was kinked hard over. Whoever fitted it went in square to the liner rather than following the hole. A new tyre went on instead.
A car off Chiswick Lane had a tack and a staple in the same tyre, well apart in the tread and at completely different angles. Both qualified, and each unit was set to its own line rather than both laid the same way for convenience.
Because the stem and the disc are a single piece. Setting the disc square while the hole runs at an angle bends the stem, and a bent stem does not fill the channel evenly. The disc then carries a load it was never designed for on every rotation.
It can, and it is why we sometimes say no to something that looks ideal from outside. An object entering the middle of the tread can travel out under the shoulder, and the exit point decides the verdict. Nobody sees that from the pavement.
On an ordinary car tyre the limit is six millimetres across the injury, measured once the channel has been cleaned rather than judged from the head of the nail. A screw with a broad thread leaves more damage than its diameter suggests.
No. A string pushed in from outside follows whatever line it fancies, seals nothing at the liner and leaves the cut cords unsupported. Everything we do is the standard repair to BS AU 159 with the tyre off the wheel, and that is the only version on offer.
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